tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-45186531898242094022024-02-20T14:33:12.457-08:00ISLAM dan SAINSAnonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00294981546783403308noreply@blogger.comBlogger1125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4518653189824209402.post-48418678894736353642012-11-14T19:44:00.000-08:002012-11-14T19:47:02.558-08:00HUBUNGAN SAINS DAN ISLAM<br />
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<b><span lang="IN">Tipologi </span>Hubungan
Sains dan Agama<o:p></o:p></b></div>
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<b><span lang="IN">Pendahuluan</span><o:p></o:p></b></div>
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Isu hubungan<span lang="IN"> s</span>ains<span lang="IN"> dan agama</span><span lang="IN"> </span>tidak
selalu <span lang="IN">konflik</span> : </div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">•<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Banyak kalangan yang berusaha mencari<span lang="IN"> h</span>ubungan antar keduanya </div>
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</span></span><!--[endif]-->Kalangan lain beranggapan bahwa sains<span lang="IN">
dan agama</span><span lang="IN"> </span>tidak akan pernah dapat ditemukan </div>
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Di akhir dasawarsa tahun 90<span lang="IN">-</span>an, di Amerika Serikat dan Eropa Barat
khususnya, berkembang diskusi tentang sains (ilmu pengetahuan) dan agama
(kitab suci). </div>
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Diskusi
dimulai oleh Ian G. Barbour yang
mengemukakan teori “Empat Tipologi
Hubungan Sains (Ilmu Pengetahuan) dan Agama (Kitab Suci)” </div>
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<b>Empat
Tipologi Hubungan Sains (Ilmu Pengetahuan) dan Agama (Kitab Suci):<o:p></o:p></b></div>
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</span></span><!--[endif]-->Tipologi Konflik </div>
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menganggap bahwa <span lang="IN">sains dan agama </span>saling bertentangan </div>
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dianut oleh kelompok materialisme
ilmiah dan kelompok literalisme kitab suci</div>
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<span lang="IN">Pandangan</span><span lang="IN"> </span><span lang="IN">Kelompok</span><span lang="IN"> </span><span lang="IN">M</span>aterialisme<span lang="IN"> Il</span>miah
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">è<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><!--[endif]-->keyakinan
agama tidak dapat diterima karena agama bukanlah data yang dapat diuji dengan percobaan </div>
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</span></span><!--[endif]-->sains (ilmu pengetahuan) bersifat obyektif,
terbuka, dan progress<span lang="IN">if </span></div>
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</span></span><!--[endif]-->agama (kitab suci) bersifat subyektif, tertutup, dan sangat sulit berubah </div>
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<span lang="IN">Pandangan Kelompok L</span>iteralisme <span lang="IN">K</span>itab <span lang="IN">S</span>uci </div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]-->><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span><!--[endif]-->teori ilmiah melambungkan filsafat materialisme
dan merendahkan perintah moral Tuhan </div>
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<b><span lang="IN">Penyebab</span><span lang="IN"> </span></b><b><span lang="IN">konflik agama dan sains</span>:<o:p></o:p></b></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]-->1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN">Merasa
dirinya benar (paling benar) </span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]-->2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN">Menyalahkan</span><span lang="IN"> </span><span lang="IN">yang lain </span></div>
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<span lang="IN">PENYEBAB </span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">è<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><!--[endif]-->Fundamentalisme
Sains (ilmu pengetahuan) </div>
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</span></span><!--[endif]-->Fundamentalisme <span lang="IN">A</span>gama (kitab suci) </div>
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<br /></div>
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</span></span><!--[endif]-->Tipologi Independensi</div>
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<span lang="IN"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"> </span>K</span>onflik<span lang="IN"> Sains dan Agama Tidak Perlu Terjadi</span><span lang="IN"> </span><span lang="IN">K</span>arena sains
(ilmu pengetahuan) dan agama (kitab suci) berada<span lang="IN"> di wilayah </span>yang berbeda<span lang="IN"> (ontologi+epistemologi+aksiologi) </span></div>
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</span></span><!--[endif]-->Tipologi Dialog </div>
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mencari (secara ilmiah) hubungan <span lang="IN">(konseptual dan metodologis) </span>antara
sains dan agama, kemiripan dan perbedaannya. </div>
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<b><span lang="IN">DIALOG SAINS dan agama</span><o:p></o:p></b></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]-->1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN">KONSEPTUAL
</span></div>
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</span></span><!--[endif]-->sains menyentuh persoalan di luar wilayahnya
sendiri (misalnya: mengapa alam semesta serba teratur?) </div>
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</span></span><!--[endif]-->sains digunakan sebagai analogi untuk membahas
hubungan Tuhan dengan dunia, yakni adanya kesejajaran konseptual antara teori
ilmiah dan keyakinan teologi </div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]-->2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN">METODOLOGI
</span></div>
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</span></span><!--[endif]-->sains <span lang="IN">dipahami </span>tidaklah seobyektif dan
agama <span lang="IN">juga dipahami </span>tidaklah
sesubyektif – sebagaimana yang diduga. </div>
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<b><span lang="IN">Sains: obyektif-subyektif</span><o:p></o:p></b></div>
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</span></span><!--[endif]-->Data ilmiah yang menjadi dasar sains, ternyata
melibatkan unsur-unsur subyektifitas </div>
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</span></span><!--[endif]-->Subyektivitas itu terjadi pada asumsi-asumsi
teoritis yang digunakan dalam proses pemilahan, pelaporan, dan penafsiran data </div>
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</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN">Sebagian
teori sains </span>lahir dari imajinasi kreatif yang di dalamnya mengandalkan
analogi dan model </div>
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<b><span lang="IN">AGAMA: SUBYEKTIF-OBYEKTIF</span><o:p></o:p></b></div>
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</span></span><!--[endif]-->Agama tidak sesubyektif yang diduga </div>
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</span></span><!--[endif]-->Data agama <span lang="IN">(</span>pengalaman keagamaan, ritual, dan kitab suci<span lang="IN">) </span>lebih banyak diwarnai penafsiran
konseptual </div>
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</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN">Asbaabun
nuzuul (Al-qur’an) </span></div>
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</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN">Asbaabul
wuruud (Al-hadits) </span></div>
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</span></span><!--[endif]-->Tipologi Integrasi </div>
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<span lang="IN">Target</span> -> <span lang="IN">Memadukan
antara agama dan sains </span></div>
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<span lang="IN">Proses</span> -> menyerukan perumusan ulang <span lang="IN">terhadap </span>gagasan-gagasan teologi tradisional,
teologi tradisional <span lang="IN">dikaji secara</span>
lebih ekstensif <span lang="IN">(luas) </span>dan
sistematis </div>
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<b><span lang="IN">Tiga versi integrasi</span></b></div>
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</span></span><!--[endif]--><i>natural theology</i></div>
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<span lang="IN">M</span>enjadikan alam sebagai
sarana untuk mengetahui Tuhan </div>
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Eksistensi Tuhan dapat disimpulkan dari (didukung oleh) bukti desain
alam, yang dari alam tersebut dapat menyadari adanya Tuhan </div>
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<span lang="IN">SAINS</span> -> AGAMA </div>
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</span></span><!--[endif]--><i>theology of nature</i></div>
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<span lang="IN">B</span>erangkat dari <span lang="IN">pemahaman keagamaan </span>: pemahaman
keagamaan<span lang="IN"> yang ada di</span>sinar<span lang="IN">i</span><span lang="IN"> </span><span lang="IN">dengan </span>sains </div>
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ITT<span lang="IN"> + S</span> = TR<span lang="IN"> (</span>Arthur Peacocke<span lang="IN">) </span></div>
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ITT = iman dan teologi tradisional</div>
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S = sains </div>
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TR = teologi yang telah direvisi </div>
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<span lang="IN">PEMAHAMAN KEAGAMAAN </span>+
SAINS = <span lang="IN">PAHAM KEAGAMAAN YANG
DISINARI SAINS </span></div>
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</span></span><!--[endif]-->sintesis sistematis </div>
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<span lang="IN">Pemaduan agama dan sains
secara lebih sistematis </span>-> memberikan kontribusi ke arah pandangan
yang lebih koheren </div>
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<span lang="IN">M</span>elalui filsafat proses -> setiap peristiwa atau teori baru
merupakan produk masa lalu dari tindakan dan aksi Tuhan </div>
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SINTESIS
SISTEMATIS mencakup : agama, filsafat, sains</div>
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